Saturday, May 30, 2020

15 excerpts from Warren Buffett's Biography: Snowball & the Business of Life (Part 3 of 3)


If you are interested on his investment principles, you can catch Part 2 of 3 at: 

The final 5 learnings from this 800+ page biography touches on the intangible quality one should have.

Buffett seems to be value money and known as "stingy", but he was also very strict when it came to values and principles

11. Dale Carnegie's teaching

If you want to gather honey, don't kick over the beehive.

Rule number 1: Don't criticize, condemn or complain.

Criticism puts people defensive. Criticism is futile. Everyone wants attention and admiration. Give the other person a fine reputation to live up to. Don't try to change others. Changing yourself to suit them would be a sensible choice. Unless, that someone is dear to you. 

"Praise by name, criticize by category"

Buffett was a likeable boss who never lost his temper, never changed his mind capriciously, never said a rude word, berated and criticized his employees, didn't second-guess and interfere people on their work. Munger says that "Warren doesn't have stress, he causes it."

"I don't enjoy battles. I won't run from them if I need to do it. I don't get into fights just to get in fights."

One of the battles he had was at Salomon Brothers, and he managed it superbly. 


During the conflict with Pampered Chef on abortion, he shrank from confrontation, or showed any sign of rancor over the criticism or the pro-life victory laps.

You can always tell them to go to hell tomorrow,” said Tom Murphy, a friend. There was never any need to do it today. Buffett had saved himself a lot of trouble by following this advice.
However, one of his favourite ‘CEO’, Rose Gorelick Blumkin of Nebraska Furniture said “It's better to have them (competition) hate you than to feel sorry for you.

Buffet was however, a strong-willed negotiator. Clayton Homes was a company that BRK acquired. He always Cast the line on his targets, to test their resolve. During the discussions, Kevin Clayton, son of founder Jim Claton had snapped the bait, and had been willing to flip the coin over the phone to set a price. Buffett knew the Claytons were ready to deal, and held his $12.50 price from a counter-offer of $20. Buffett also turned down share swap. He buffeted his way.

Many sellers would later regret selling their companies, and try to backtrack. Buffett would not give an inch, ensuring no leeway during the subsequent discussions.

12. Easy, safe, profitable and pleasant

Buffett has a less compulsive approach. In 1966, he announced that he was dropping his stated goal of beating the market by 10% a year to 5% a year, or to earning 9%, whichever was less. If his partners could find better results elsewhere, he was happy for them to go. Yet the timing worked to his favour - The Dow had an unusually poor year in 1966.

Consistency, year after year and not losing money would lead to stunning results.

Buffett avoided technology stocks partly because these fast-moving business could never be run by a ham sandwich (like Coca Cola). 

He liked to say he made most of his money by "sitting on his ass". Like the investors who kept their GEICO stock when it fell to $2 a share, inertia had protected him from many mistakes - both of commission and of omission. 

Buffett thought those who were always out prophesying some turn in the market's direction usually would end up being wrong 2 times out of 10. So he rarely made statements about the market, and often played coy when he did. He used words "not overvalued" into a sentence that said the market was overvalued. Likewise, Buffett was "not unhappy with" diluting his stock portfolio when internet stocks were pantheonizing faster than naked mole rates. 

Ben Graham taught Buffet, "You can get in way more trouble with a good idea than a bad idea, because you forget that the good idea had limits." Lord Keynes in his preface to Common Stocks as Long Term Investments said, "There is a danger of expecting results of the future to be predicted from the past."

From Ben Graham's class in Columbia, Warren took away 3 main principles, that required nothing more than the stern discipline of mental independence:
  • A stock is the right to own a little piece of business - A stock is worth a certain fraction of what you would be willing to pay for the whole business. 
  • Use a margin of safety - Investing is built on estimates and uncertainty. A wide margin of safety ensures that the effects of good decisions are not wiped out by errors. The way to advance, above all, is by not retreating. 
  • Mr. Market is your servant, not your master - Mr. Market's moods should not influence your view of price. However, from time to time he does offer the change to buy low and sell high. 
13. Being dull

Buffett was ridiculed for his refusal to buy technology stocks, yet bought MidAmerican Energy Holding Company in 1999. He bought a light company. How dull!

When it comes to investing, the kind of electricity he sought was not the thrill of trading, but rather kilowatts. He was actually diluting the impact of Coca-Cola using MidAmerican and General Re, kind of diversifying. 

At the end of 1999, "Warren, What's Wrong?" was on WSJ's headline - Berkshire stocks had "stumbled" badly. In public, Buffett repeated constantly - in almost unvarying terms - Margin of safety, circle of competence, Mr. Market's vagaries. He maintained a stock is a piece of a business, not a bunch of numbers on a screen. He refrained from arguing or disputing the madness (of market rising). When asked if it bothered him when people called him a has-been, "Never".

A money manager wrote that investors like Buffett were "fallen angles, disgraced with poor rankings... Made obsolete in 1999 by mavericks who say the old laws of investing have been repealed and backed up their theories with eye-popping numbers.

According to Munger, the market was then irrational, with "wretched excess" that will produce wretched consequences. Indeed, every indication in the market said that he was wrong. He had only his inner conviction to steer him straight. Buffett never fought back. 

"When it comes to Microsoft and Intel, I don't know what that world would look like ten years from now. And I don't want to play a game where the other guy has an advantage... The software business is not within my circle of competence. We understand Dilly Bars and not software."

This was even more peculiar as he knew the founders of Microsoft and Intel.

By 2001, the internet boom had boomeranged. Buffett still had billions of unused capital. BRK's 2001 shareholder meeting saw crowds coming back. 

"By shamelessly merchandising birdless bushes, promoters have in recent years moved billions of dollars from the pockets of the public to their own purses (and to those of their friends and associates)... Speculation is most dangerous when it looks easiest."

BRK's best opportunities always came at times of uncertainty, when other lacked the insight, resources and fortitude to make the right judgements and commit. "Cash combined with courage in a crisis is priceless."
  
14. How to impress Warren

Humility disarms. 

Crisis at Salomon in the 90's has equal bearing like Lehman Brothers of 2008. Buffett became Chairman to steer the Salomon out of the mess. He was also looking for a CEO. Deryck Maughan was an Englishman who ran Salomon's Asia operations was quickly being put forward. Maughan was not a stock trader, was viewed as ethical and possessed of common sense. Since he spent years in Tokyo, the chance that he was tainted by the scandal (Treasury bond auction) was remote.

When asked, Maughan was confident enough to nominate himself as CEO, then added that he would serve whomever Buffett chose. Two other things got Buffet's attention. Maughan did not ask for protection against being sued, and how much the job would pay. (As much as he hated admitting, Buffett did not enjoy paying people.)

Read more at:

In contrast, Buffett fired Paul Mozer of Salomon, as he had no tolerance for liars and cheaters.

Buffet also despised unearned position and inherited wealth. It offended his sense of justice.

A football player on the Nebraska football shouldn't inherit the starting quarterback position from his father.

15. Good name and reputation

Buffett and Munger are individuals who value their good names and reputations as their most priceless possessions.

Over a lifetime, you'll get a reputation for either bluffing or not bluffing.

He told his children, "It takes a lifetime to build a reputation and 5 minutes to ruin it."

Buffett was first to admit he doesn’t know something well enough – like technology stocks.

He was fundamentally honest, and deliberately limited his money,” says Munger.

Both Buffett and Munger regarded rationality and honesty as the highest virtues. Quickened pulses and self-delusion were the major causes of mistakes. 

The snowball just happens if you’re in the right kind of snow, and that’s what happened with me. I don’t just mean compounding money either. It’s in terms of understanding the world and what kind of friends you accumulate. You get to select over time, and you’ve got to be the kind of person that the snow wants to attach itself to. You’ve got to be your own wet snow, in effect. You’d better be picking up snow as you go along, because you’re not going to be getting back up to the top of the hill again. That’s the way life works.”

The snow Warren Buffett created so carefully was enormous by now. Yet his attitude toward it remained the same. However many birthdays lay ahead, he would always be astonished each time the calendar turned, and as long as he lived, he would never stop feeling like a sprout. For he wasn’t looking backward to the top of the hill. It was a big world, and he was just starting out. 

~~~

I think Buffett advises discipline and unwavering will in the face of quick profits.

All the best and I wish you success in your passive (compounding) income.

 Buying stocks is like watching the paint dry or seeing the grass grow (Wall Street bull, Mar 2019)




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